The Tang capital at Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) was then the world's most populous city. The dynasty and central government went into decline by the latter half of the 9th century agrarian rebellions resulted in mass population loss and displacement, widespread poverty, and further government dysfunction that ultimately ended the dynasty in 907. The rise of regional military governors known as jiedushi during the 9th century undermined this civil order. Like the previous Sui dynasty, the Tang maintained a civil-service system by recruiting scholar-officials through standardized examinations and recommendations to office. ![]() The devastating An Lushan Rebellion (755–763) shook the nation and led to the decline of central authority in the dynasty's latter half. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. The Lǐ family ( 李) founded the dynasty, seizing power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire and inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. ![]() The Tang dynasty ( / t ɑː ŋ/, Chinese: 唐朝 ), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
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